JOINT PHYSICAL CUSTODY
Physical custody designates the amount of time a child shares with each parent. Parents with Joint physical custody share responsibility for the child's time within a more equitable schedule.
JOINT LEGAL CUSTODY
What school will the child attend? What religion will the child practice? A parent with Sole legal custody has authority to make all major decisions about the child. Parents with Joint legal custody share the authority to make major decisions about their child.
SOLE PHYSICAL CUSTODY
A parent with Sole physical custody has responsibility for the child the significant majority of the time.
SOLE LEGAL CUSTODY
B. PARENTING ARRANGEMENTS:
SHARED PARENTING
EQUAL PARENTING
CO-PARENTING
Technically, co-parenting exists with any parenting arrangement, regardless of its formal designation. In whatever way each parent is involved in raising the child, the parents co-parent. Most effective co-parenting arrangements contain the following characteristic dynamics between the parents: cooperation, communication, compromise, and consistency.
PARALLEL PARENTING
While meaningful co-parenting can only be carried out by parents in a working, functional, parental relationship, parallel parenting is more characteristic of parents in a dysfunctional relationship dynamic. Parallel parenting manifests when there is an insufficient degree of cooperation, communication, compromise, or consistency to carry out co-parenting. Children in parallel parenting arrangements often experience heightened anxiety during phone calls from the other parent and during transfers between parents. Minimizing verbal and physical contact between the parents can help.
VISITATION AND ACCESS
This is generally considered to be the time that the child shares with the non-custodial or nonresidential parent. Rather than viewing the separated family arrangements in traditional legal terms, it is more valid, psychologically speaking, for physical custody to be conceptualized from the point of view of the child. We know that, with rare exceptions, it is in the child's best interest to have regular and continuing contact with both parents. This is to say the child's rights have to supersede the parent's rights. It is the child's right to have access to both parents. It is the parent's obligation and responsibility to be available and to care for the child.
C. PARENTING PLAN
Parenting plans refer to all of the above concepts of a child sharing time with or living with each parent at different times. In a written parenting plan, sentences begin with, "The child will share time with (or, live with) each parent according to the following schedule:" rather than, "The Father/Mother has visitation on alternate weekends." Even if the child sees one parent only once a year for a few days, the child is still sharing time and living with that parent during that time period.
D. TYPES OF PARENTS AFTER DISPARENTING
CUSTODIAL PARENT
The time sharing plan should take into consideration what that child has become accustomed to, regarding the parenting style and arrangement during the time of the intact relationship. If a child is to be with one parent significantly more of the time than with the other parent (for example, when the two parents live a considerable distance from one another), we suggest replacing the traditional term of "custodial parent" with the less emotionally charged concept of "the child's primary residence" and "the child's secondary residence." Of course, if the child shares time fairly equitably between the parents, then there is no need to designate either parent's residence with such title.
NONCUSTODIAL PARENT
NONRESIDENTIAL PARENT
ESTRANGED PARENT
E. TYPES OF FAMILIES AFTER PARENTAL SEPARATION
CO-PARENT FAMILIES
ONEPARENT FAMILIES
BROKEN FAMILIES
LONEPARENT FAMILIES
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